Friday, 25 February 2011
Fortune 500
The Fortune 500
1. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
2. Exxon Mobil Corporation
3. ChevronTexaco Corporation
4. General Electric Company
5. Bank of America Corporation
6. ConocoPhillips
7. AT&T Corp
8. Ford Motor Company
9. J.P. Morgan Chase & Co
10. Hewlett-Packard Company
11. Berkshire Hathaway
12. Citigroup Inc
13. Verizon Communications
14. McKesson Corporation
15. General Motors Corporation
16. American International Group
17. Cardinal Health, Inc
18. CVS Caremark
19. Wells Fargo & Company
20. International Business Machines Corporation
21. United Health Group Inc
22. Procter & Gamble Co
23. The Kroger Co
24. AmerisourceBergen Corporation
25. Costco Wholesale Corp.
26. Valero Energy Corp
27. Archer-Daniels-Midland Company
28. The Boeing Company
29. Home Depot, Inc.
30. Target Corporation
31. WellPoint Health Networks
32. Walgreen Company
33. Johnson & Johnson
34. State Farm Insurance
35. Medco Health Solutions Inc
36. Microsoft Corporation
37. United Technologies Corporation
38. Dell, Inc
39. Goldman Sachs Group
40. Pfizer Inc.
41. Marathon Oil Corp.
42. Lowe's Companies, Inc.
43. United Parcel Service of America, Inc
44. Lockheed Martin Corporation
45. Best Buy Co., Inc.
46. The Dow Chemical Company
47. Supervalu Inc
48. Sears Holdings Corporation
49. International Assets Holding
50. PepsiCo, Inc.
51. MetLife, Inc.
52. Safeway Inc.
53. Kraft Foods
54. Freddie Mac
55. SYSCO Corporation
56. Apple Computer, Inc
57. The Walt Disney Company
58. Cisco Systems, Inc.
59. Comcast Corporation
60. FedEx Corporation
61. Northrop Grumman Corporation
62. Intel Corporation
63. Aetna Inc.
64. New York Life Insurance Company
65. Prudential Financial, Inc
66. Caterpillar Inc.
67. Sprint
68. The Allstate Corporation
69. General Dynamics Corporation
70. Morgan Stanley
71. Liberty Mutual
72. The Coca-Cola Company
73. Humana Inc.
74. Honeywell International
75. Abbott Laboratories
76. News Corp
77. HCA Inc.
78. Sunoco Inc
79. Amerada Hess Corporation
80. Ingram Micro
81. Fannie Mae
82. Time Warner Inc.
83. Johnson Controls, Inc.
84. Delta Air Lines Inc
85. Merck & Co Inc
86. DuPont
87. Tyson Foods Inc
88. American Express Company
89. Rite Aid Corporation
90. TIAA-CREF
91. CHS Inc
92. Enterprise GP Holdings
93. MassMutual Financial Group
94. Philip Morris International
95. Raytheon Company
96. Express Scripts
97. Hartford Financial Services Group
98. Travelers Cos
99. Publix Super Markets
100. Amazon.com Inc.
101. Staples, Inc.
102. Google
103. Macy's
104. International Paper Company
105. Oracle Corporation
106. 3M Company
107. Deere & Company
108. McDonald's Corporation
109. Tech Data Corporation
110. Motorola Inc
111. Fluor Corporation
112. Eli Lilly and Co
113. Coca-Cola Enterprises
114. Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.
115. The Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company
116. The Directv Group Inc
117. Emerson Electric Co
118. Nationwide Mutual Insurance Co
119. TJX Companies, Inc.
120. American Airlines - AMR
121. U.S. Bancorp
122. GMAC
123. The PNC Financial Services Group
124. Nike Inc.
125. Murphy Oil Corp
126. Kimberly-Clark Corp
127. Alcoa
128. Plains All American Pipeline, L. P.
129. CIGNA Corporation
130. AFLAC Incorporated
131. Time Warner Cable
132. United Services Automobile Association
133. J.C. Penney Company, Inc.
134. Exelon Corporation
135. Kohl's Corporation
136. Whirlpool Corporation
137. Altria Group Inc
138. Computer Sciences Corporation
139. Tesoro Petroleum Corp
140. UAL Corporation(United Airlines)
141. Goodyear Tire & Rubber
142. Avnet, Inc.
143. Manpower Inc.
144. Capital One Financial Corp
145. Southern Company
146. Health Net, Inc.
147. FPL Group Inc
148. L-3 Communications Hldgs.
149. Constellation Energy Group
150. Occidental Petroleum Corp
151. Colgate-Palmolive
152. Xerox Corporation
153. Dominion Resources
154. Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold
155. General Mills, Inc.
156. The AES Corporation
157. Arrow Electronics, Inc.
158. Halliburton Company
159. Amgen Inc
160. Medtronic, Inc.
161. Progressive Corp.
162. Gap, Inc.
163. Smithfield Foods, Inc.
164. Union Pacific Corp
165. Loews Corporation
166. EMC Corporation
167. Burlington Northern Santa Fe Corporation
168. Coventry Health Care, Inc
169. Illinois Tool Works Inc.
170. Viacom International Inc
171. Toys R Us, Inc.
172. American Electric Power
173. PG&E Corporation
174. Pepsi Bottling
175. Consolidated Edison, Inc.
176. Chubb Corporation
177. CBS
178. ConAgra Foods, Inc.
179. FirstEnergy
180. Sara Lee Corp
181. Duke Energy Corporation
182. National Oilwell Varco
183. Continental Airlines, Inc
184. Kellogg
185. Baxter International Inc.
186. Public Service Enterprise Group Incorporated
187. Edison International
188. Qwest Communications
189. Aramark Corporation
190. PPG Industries, Inc.
191. Community Health Systems
192. Office Depot, Inc.
193. KBR
194. Eaton Corporation
195. Dollar General Corp
196. Waste Management, Inc.
197. Monsanto Company
198. Omnicom Group Inc.
199. Jabil Circuit
200. DISH Network
201. TRW Automotive Holdings Corp.
202. Navistar International Corp
203. Jacobs Engineering Group
204. Sun Microsystems Inc.
205. World Fuel Services Corp.
206. Nucor Corporation
207. Danaher Corporation
208. Dean Foods Company
209. ONEOK Inc
210. Liberty Global
211. United States Steel
212. AutoNation, Inc.
213. Marriott International Inc.
214. ITT Industries, Inc.
215. SAIC
216. Yum! Brands, Inc.
217. BB&T Corporation
218. Cummins Inc
219. Entergy Corporation
220. Textron Inc.
221. Marsh & McLennan Co's
222. US Airways Inc
223. Texas Instruments
224. SunTrust Banks Inc
225. Qualcomm Inc
226. Land O'Lakes
227. Liberty Media Corp
228. Avon Products, Inc.
229. Southwest Airlines Co.
230. Parker Hannifin Corp
231. Mosaic
232. BJ's Wholesale Club, Inc.
233. H.J. Heinz Company
234. Fisher Scientific International Inc
235. UnumProvident
236. Genuine Parts
237. Guardian Life of America
238. Peter Kiewit Sons'
239. Progress Energy
240. R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company
241. Starbucks Corporation
242. Lear Corporation
243. Baker Hughes
244. Xcel Energy Inc
245. Penske Automotive Group
246. Energy Future Holdings
247. Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea
248. Fifth Third Bancorp
249. State Street Corporation
250. First Data Corp
251. Pepco Holdings, Inc.
252. URS
253. Tenet Healthcare Corp.
254. Regions Financial Corp.
255. GameStop
256. Lincoln National Corporation
257. Genworth Financial
258. XTO Energy
259. CSX Corporation
260. Anadarko Petroleum Corporation
261. Devon Energy Corporation
262. Praxair Inc
263. NRG Energy
264. Harrah's Entertainment Inc
265. Automated Data Processing
266. Principal Financial Group
267. eBay
268. Assurant Inc
269. Limited Brands
270. Nordstrom, Inc.
271. Apache Corporation
272. Reynolds American Inc
273. Air Products and Chemicals Inc.
274. Bank of New York Co.
275. CenterPoint Energy Inc
276. Williams Companies, Inc.
277. Smith International, Inc.
278. Republic Services
279. Boston Scientific Corp.
280. Sempra Energy
281. Ashland
282. PACCAR Inc
283. Owens & Minor, Inc.
284. Whole Foods Market, Inc.
285. DTE Energy Company
286. Discover Financial Services
287. Norfolk Southern Corporation
288. Ameriprise Financial
289. Crown Holdings Inc.
290. Icahn Enterprises
291. Masco Corporation
292. Cablevision Systems Corp.
293. Huntsman
294. Synnex
295. Newmont Mining Corporation
296. Chesapeake Energy
297. Eastman Kodak Company
298. Aon Corporation
299. Campbell Soup Company
300. PPL Corporation
301. C.H. Robinson Worldwide
302. Integrys Energy Group
303. Quest Diagnostics Incorporated
304. Western Digital
305. Family Dollar Stores, Inc.
306. Winn-Dixie Stores, Inc.
307. Ball Corporation
308. Estee Lauder Co.
309. Shaw Group
310. VF Corporation
311. Darden Restaurants, Inc.
312. Becton, Dickinson and Company
313. OfficeMax Inc
314. Bed Bath & Beyond Inc.
315. Kinder Morgan Management LLC
316. Ross Stores Inc
317. Pilgrim's Pride Corp
318. Hertz Global Holdings
319. Sherwin-Williams Company
320. Ameren Corporation
321. Reinsurance Group of America
322. Owens-Illinois, Inc.
323. CarMax
324. Gilead Sciences
325. Precision Castparts
326. Visa
327. Commercial Metals Company
328. WellCare Health Plans
329. AutoZone, Inc.
330. Western Refining
331. Dole Food Company Inc
332. Charter Communications
333. Stryker Corporation
334. Goodrich Corporation
335. Visteon Corporation
336. NiSource
337. AGCO Corporation
338. Calpine Corporation
339. Henry Schein Inc
340. Hormel Foods Corporation
341. Affiliated Computer Services, Inc
342. Thrivent Investment Management
343. Yahoo
344. American Family Insurance
345. Sonic Automotive, Inc
346. Peabody Energy
347. Omnicare, Incorporated
348. Dillard's Inc
349. WW Grainger, Inc
350. CMS Energy Corporation
351. Fortune Brands Inc
352. AECOM Technology
353. Symantec
354. SLM Corp
355. DaVita
356. KeyCorp
357. MeadWestvaco Corp
358. The Interpublic Group of Companies Inc
359. Virgin Media
360. MGM Mirage Inc
361. The First American Corporation
362. Avery Dennison Corporation
363. The McGraw-Hill Companies
364. Enbridge Energy Partners
365. Ecolab Inc.
366. Fidelity National Financial Inc
367. Dover Corporation
368. Global Partners
369. UGI Corporation
370. Gannett Co., Inc.
371. Harris
372. Barnes & Noble Inc
373. Newell Rubbermaid Inc.
374. Smurfit-Stone Container
375. Pitney Bowes Inc
376. CC Media Holdings
377. EMCOR Group, Inc.
378. Dr Pepper Snapple Group
379. Weyerhaeuser Company
380. SunGard Data Systems
381. CH2M Hill
382. Pantry
383. Domtar
384. The Clorox Company
385. Northeast Utilities
386. Oshkosh
387. Mattel Inc
388. Energy Transfer Equity
389. Advance Auto Parts Inc
390. Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
391. Corning Incorporated
392. Mohawk Industries Inc
393. PetSmart
394. Reliance Steel & Aluminum
395. Hershey Foods Corporation
396. YRC Worldwide
397. Dollar Tree
398. Dana Holding
399. Cameron International
400. Nash Finch Company
401. Pacific Life Insurance Co
402. Terex Corporation
403. Universal Health Services
404. Amerigroup
405. Sanmina-SCI Corporation
406. Jarden
407. Tutor Perini
408. Mutual of Omaha
409. Avis Budget Group
410. Autoliv
411. MasterCard
412. Mylan
413. Western Union
414. Celanese
415. Eastman Chemical Company
416. Telephone & Data Systems
417. Polo Ralph Lauren
418. Auto-Owners Insurance
419. Core-Mark Holding
420. Western & Southern Financial Group
421. Applied Materials, Inc
422. Anixter International
423. CenturyTel
424. Atmos Energy
425. Universal American
426. Ryder System, Inc.
427. SPX Corporation
428. Foot Locker
429. O'Reilly Automotive
430. Harley-Davidson Inc
431. Holly
432. Owens Corning
433. Micron Technology Inc
434. EOG Resources
435. Black & Decker Corp
436. Big Lots Stores Inc
437. Spectra Energy
438. Starwood Hotels & Resorts
439. United Stationers Inc.
440. TravelCenters of America
441. BlackRock
442. Laboratory Corp. of America
443. Health Management Associates
444. NYSE Euronext
445. St. Jude Medical
446. Tenneco Automotive Inc.
447. El Paso Corporation
448. WESCO International, Inc.
449. Consol Energy
450. ArvinMeritor Inc
451. NCR Corporation
452. Unisys Corporation
453. Lubrizol
454. Alliant Techsystems
455. Washington Post
456. Las Vegas Sands
457. Group 1 Automotive, Inc.
458. Genzyme
459. Allergan
460. Broadcom
461. Agilent Technologies Inc
462. Rockwell Collins
463. W.R. Berkley Corporation
464. PepsiAmericas
465. The Charles Schwab Corporation
466. Dick's Sporting Goods
467. FMC Technologies
468. NII Holdings
469. General Cable
470. Graybar Electric Company, Inc.
471. Biogen Idec
472. AbitibiBowater
473. Flowserve
474. Airgas
475. Conseco Inc
476. Rockwell Automation
477. Kindred Healthcare, Inc.
478. American Financial Group
479. Kelly Services
480. Spectrum Group International
481. RadioShack Corporation
482. CA
483. Con-way
484. Erie Insurance
485. Casey's General Stores
486. Centene
487. Sealed Air Corporation
488. Frontier Oil
489. SCANA Corporation
490. Live Nation Entertainment
491. Fiserv
492. Host Hotels & Resorts
493. H&R Block, Inc.
494. Electronic Arts
495. Franklin Resources
496. Wisconsin Energy Corp
497. Northern Trust Corp.
498. MDU Resources Group
499. CB Richard Ellis Group
500. Blockbuster
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At A Glance
* Top 5 Fortune 500 Companies
1. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
2. Exxon Mobil Corporation
3. ChevronTexaco Corporation
4. General Electric Company
5. Bank of America Corporation
BP
BP p.l.c. BP Logo.svg
Type Public limited company
(LSE: BP, NYSE: BP)
Industry Oil and natural gas, alternative fuels
Founded 1909 (as the Anglo-Persian Oil Company)
1954 (as the British Petroleum Company)
1998 (merger of British Petroleum and Amoco)
Headquarters London, United Kingdom
Area served Worldwide
Key people Carl-Henric Svanberg (Chairman)
Bob Dudley (CEO)
Byron Grote (CFO)
Products BP petroleum and derived products
BP service stations
Air BP Aviation Fuels
Castrol motor oil
ARCO gas stations
am/pm convenience stores
Aral service stations solar panels
Revenue US $308.9 billion (2010)
Operating income US $-3.7 billion (2010)
Net income US $-3.7 billion (2010)[2]
Total assets US $272.2 billion (2010)
Total equity US $94.98 billion (2010)
Employees 80,300 (Dec 2009)[3]
Website BP.com
Thursday, 24 February 2011
kosovo
| Kosovo | ||
|---|---|---|
| Kosovo physical map | ||
| Capital (and largest city) | Pristina (Prishtina or Priština) | |
| Ethnic groups (2009) | 88% Albanians 7% Serbs 5% others[1] | |
| Government | disputed | |
| - | UNSG Special Representative | Lamberto Zannier (UN) |
| - | Serb assembly president | Radovan Ničić |
| - | Republic of Kosovo president | Behgjet Pacolli |
| Governing authority | disputed | |
| - | UN administration | 10 June 1999 |
| - | Serb community | February 2003 |
| - | Republic of Kosovo | 17 February 2008 |
| Area | ||
| - | Total | 10,908 km2 4,212 sq mi |
| - | Water (%) | n/a |
| Population | ||
| - | 2007 estimate | 1,804,838[2] |
| - | 1991 census | 1,956,1961 |
| - | Density | 220/km2 500/sq mi |
| GDP (nominal) | 2009 estimate | |
| - | Total | $5.352 billion[3] |
| - | Per capita | $2,965 |
| Currency | Euro (€); Serbian Dinar (EUR; RSD) | |
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | |
| - | Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) |
| Drives on the | right | |
| Calling code | +3812 | |
| 1 | The census is a reconstruction; most of the ethnic Albanian majority boycotted. | |
| 2 | Officially +381; some mobile phone providers use +377 (Monaco) or +386 (Slovenia) instead. | |
| Republic of Kosovo Republika e Kosovës (Albanian) Република Косово (Serbian) Republika Kosovo (Serbian) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||
| Anthem: Europe[4] | ||||||
| Location of Kosovo on the European continent | ||||||
| Capital (and largest city) | Pristina (Prishtina, Priština) | |||||
| Official language(s) | Albanian, Serbian | |||||
| Recognised regional languages | Turkish, Gorani, Romani, Bosnian | |||||
| Demonym | Kosovar, Kosovan | |||||
| Government | Parliamentary republic under international supervision | |||||
| - | President | Behgjet Pacolli | ||||
| - | Prime Minister | Hashim Thaçi | ||||
| - | International Civilian Representative | Pieter Feith (EU) | ||||
| Independence1 | from Serbia, UNMIK | |||||
| - | UNSCR 1244 | 10 June 1999 | ||||
| - | Proposal for Status Settlement | 26 March 2007 | ||||
| - | EULEX | 16 February 2008 | ||||
| - | Declared | 17 February 2008 | ||||
Friday, 10 December 2010
Indian rich
Pakisthan richest
| Rank | Name | Net Worth ($ USD) | Age | Residence | Sources of income & wealth | Industries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mian Muhammad Mansha | 2 billion -5 billion | 62 | Islamabad | Nishat Group, MCB, Adamjee Group, Nishat Chiniot power | Textiles, Banking, Energy, Transport |
| 2 | Asif Ali Zardari | 1.8 bil | 54 | (Home-town)Nawabshah | Multiple Sources | Business, Food, Investment, Real estate |
| 3 | Anwar Pervez | 1.5 bil | 74 | London | Bestway group, United Bank Limited | Cement, Banking, Cash & Carry (Wholesale) |
| 4 | Nawaz Sharif | 1.4 bil | 59 | Lahore | Ittefaq group | Food & steel |
| 5 | Saddaruddin Hashwani | 1.1 bil | 68 | Islamabad | Marriot Hotels, Pearl Continental Hotel, Orient Petrolium | Hotels & Resorts, Oil & Gas |
| 6 | Nasir Schon | 1 bil | 52 | Karachi and Dubai | Schon Group | Real estate, Fertilizer |
| 7 | Abdul R Yaqoob | 1 bil | Karachi and Dubai | ARY Group | Media, Real estate, Retail | |
| 8 | Rafiq Habib | 900 mil | Karachi | House of Habib Habib Bank AG Zurich, Makro Pakistan | Banking & Finance, Retail, Construction, Manufacture and Retail of Toyota Cars, Etc. | |
| 9 | Tariq Saigol | 850 mil | Lahore | Sahgal Group Kohinoor Textile Mills, Pak Elektron Ltd, Saigol Motors, Sajeel Motors | Energy, car production, Textiles | |
| 10 | Dewan Mushtaq | 800 mil | Karachi | Dewan Mushtaq Group, Dewan Salman Fibre, Dewan sugar mills, Dewan textile mills, Pakland Cement | Automobiles, Textiles, Sugar, Polyster | |
| 11 | Sultan Ali Lakhani | 800 mil | Karachi | Lakson Group | Media, Food, Insurance, Energy | |
| 12 | Malik Riaz Hussain | 800 mil | Rawalpindi | Bahria Town | Real estate | |
| 13 | Sheikh Abid Hussain alias Seth Abid | 780 mil | Lahore | Green Fort | Real estate | |
| 14 | Mian Mohammed Latif | 700 mil | Faisalabad | ChenOne & Chenab Textiles | Textiles & Fashion | |
| 15 | Abdul Ghafoor | 660 mil | Faisalabad | Sitara Chemicals & Yasir Spinning | Textiles & Energy |
Monday, 22 November 2010
A short write up on radio.
Beginning in the early 1890s, Alexander Stepanovich Popov conducted experiments along the lines of Hertz's research. In 1894-95 he built his first radio receiver, an improved version of coherer-based design by Oliver Lodge. He presented it to the Russian Physical and Chemical Society on May 7, 1895 — the day has been celebrated in the Russian Federation as "Radio Day". The paper on his findings was published the same year (December 15, 1895). Popov had recorded, at the end of 1895, that he was hoping for distant signaling with radio waves.
In the years that followed, Popov worked on his design. His receiver proved to be able to sense lightning strikes at distances of up to 30 km, thus functioning as a lightning detector. In late 1895, Popov built a version of the receiver that was capable of automatically recording lightning strikes on paper rolls. Popov's system was eventually extended to function as a wireless telegraph, with a Morse key attached to the transmitter. There's some dispute regarding the first public test of this design. It is frequently stated that Popov used his radio to send a Morse code message over a distance of 250 m in 26 March 1896 (three months before Marconi's patent was filed). However, contemporary confirmations of this transmission are lacking. It is more likely that said experiment took place in December 1897.In 1900 a radio station was established under Popov's instructions on Hogland island (Suursaari) to provide two-way communication by wireless telegraphy between the Russian naval base and the crew of the battleship General-Admiral Apraksin. By February 5 messages were being received reliably. The wireless messages were relayed to Hogland Island by a station some 25 miles away at Kymi (nowadays Kotka) on the Finnish coast.
Marconi
Guglielmo Marconi is said to have read, while on vacation in 1894, about the experiments that Hertz did in the 1880s and about Tesla's work. It was at this time that Marconi began to understand that radio waves could be used for wireless communications.
Marconi's early apparatus was a development of Hertz’s laboratory apparatus into a system designed for communications purposes. At first Marconi used a transmitter to ring a bell in a receiver in his attic laboratory. He then moved his experiments out-of-doors on the family estate near Bologna, Italy, to communicate further. He replaced Hertz’s vertical dipole with a vertical wire topped by a metal sheet, with an opposing terminal connected to the ground. On the receiver side, Marconi replaced the spark gap with a metal powder coherer, a detector developed by Edouard Branly and other experimenters. Marconi transmitted radio signals for about a mile at the end of 1895.
By 1896, Marconi introduced to the public a device in London, asserting it was his invention. Despite Marconi's statements to the contrary, though, the apparatus resembles Tesla's descriptions in the widely translated articles. He filed a patent on his system with the British Patent Office on June 2, 1896.
Marconi's reputation is largely based on these accomplishments in radio communications and commercializing a practical system. His demonstrations of the use of radio for wireless communications, equipping ships with life saving wireless communications, establishing the first transatlantic radio service, and building the first stations for the British short wave service, have marked his place in history.
Transatlantic transmissions
In 1901, Marconi claimed to have received daytime transatlantic radio frequency signals at a wavelength of 366 metres (820 kHz).[22][23][24] There are various science historians, such as Belrose and Bradford, who have cast doubt that the Atlantic was bridged in 1901, but other science historians have taken the position that this was the first transatlantic radio transmission. The Poldhu to Newfoundland transmission claim has been criticized.Guglielmo Marconi (Italian pronunciation: [ɡuʎˈʎɛːlmo marˈkoːni]; 25 April 1874– 20 July 1937) was an Italian inventor, best known for his development of a radio telegraph system, which served as the foundation for the establishment of numerous affiliated companies worldwide. He shared the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics with Karl Ferdinand Braun "in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy" and was ennobled in 1924 as Marchese Marconi.