Unilever

Fact is Unilever Were founded by merging 2 companies, Lever Brothers and Marangrine Unie?

MICEX-RTS

MICEX - RTX has become the largest Stock exachange in the world after mereging MICEX, Officialy "Moscow Interbank Currency Exchange"

Type	Stock exchange
Location	Moscow, Russia
Founded	1992
Owner	MICEX Group
Key people	Ruben Aganbegyan (President)
Currency	Russian ruble
No. of listings	250
MarketCap	US$998.6 billion (Dec 2010)
Indexes	MICEX Index
Website	www.micex.com

MICEX opened in 1992 and was the leading Russian stock exchange. About 239 Russian companies were listed, with a market capitalization of US$950 billion as of December 2010.Even during the August Crisis Of Russia, it became one of the biggest trading platforms of Russia.

While The Russian Trading System, (RTS) is one of next biggest Stock exchanges in russia, Established in Moscow in 1995.

Type	Stock market
Location	Moscow, Russia
Founded	1995
Currency	Russian Ruble
Website	rts.ru

MICEX-RTS is the new name oof the New StockExchenge and tit is widley said that it was done to make Moscow one of The Biggest Financial Centers in the world.The Organisastional Structure Is still to be fully Implemented.

Read More Info From: WIKIPEDIA

Also Some Parts Are Sourced From WIKIPEDIA

Davis cup

This years davis cup was won by spain . some info about the Davis Cup:

"The Davis Cup is the premier international team event in men's tennis. It is run by the International Tennis Federation (ITF) and is contested between teams of players from competing countries in a knock-out format. The competition began in 1900 as a challenge between Britain and the United States. By 2007, 137 nations entered teams into the competition. The most successful countries over the history of the tournament are the United States (winning 32 tournaments and finishing as runners-up 29 times) and Australia (winning 28 times, including four occasions with New Zealand under the name 'Australasia', and finishing as runners-up 19 times). The present champion is Spain who beat Argentina to claim the titleThe tournament was conceived in 1899 by four members of the Harvard University tennis team who wished to challenge the British to a tennis competition. Once their respective lawn tennis associations agreed, one of the four Harvard players, Dwight F. Davis, designed a tournament format and ordered an appropriate sterling silver trophy from Shreve, Crump & Low, purchasing it from his own funds. They in turn commissioned a classically-styled design from William B. Durgin's of Concord, New Hampshire, crafted by the Englishman Rowland Rhodes. Davis went on to become a prominent politician in the United States in the 1920s, serving as US Secretary of War from 1925–29 and as Governor-General of the Philippines from 1929–32.he first match, between the United States and Britain (which competed under the name "British Isles"), was held at the Longwood Cricket Club in Boston, Massachusetts in 1900. The American team, of which Dwight Davis was a part, surprised the British by winning the first three matches. The following year the two countries did not compete but the US won the next match in 1902. By1905 the tournament expanded to include Belgium, Austria, France, and Australasia, a combined team from Australia and New Zealand that competed together until 1914.

The tournament was initially titled the International Lawn Tennis Challenge although it soon became known as the Davis Cup, after Dwight Davis' trophy.

From 1950 to 1967, Australia dominated the competition, winning the Cup 15 times in 18 years.

The United States has won the event the most times (32), closely followed by Australia (28 [including 4 as Australasia]), Great Britain (9 [including 5 as the British Isles]), France (9) and Sweden (7).

Up until 1973, the Davis Cup had only ever been won by the United States, Great Britain/British Isles, France and Australia/Australasia. Their domination was eventually broken in 1974, when South Africa and India qualified for the final; however, the final was scratched and South Africa was awarded the Davis Cup after India refused to travel to South Africa for the final in protest of the South African government's apartheid policies. (As of 2010, South Africa has never actually played in a Davis Cup finals match.) The following year saw the first final between two "outsider" nations that was actually played; Sweden beatCzechoslovakia 3–2, and since then, several other countries have gone on to capture the trophy.

In 1989, the tiebreak was also introduced into Davis Cup competition. The tiebreak is now used in all sets except for 5th set, which remains an advantage set.

On the 100th anniversary of the tournament's founding, 129 nations competed for the Davis Cup.
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A second Bonn conference!

read about the second bonn confrenece.

Officially the Agreement on Provisional Arrangements in Afghanistan Pending the Re-Establishment of Permanent Government Institutions, the Bonn Agreement was the initial series of agreements intended to re-create the State of Afghanistan following the "War in Afghanistan (2001–present)" U.S. invasion of Afghanistan in response to the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. Since no nationally-agreed-upon government had existed in Afghanistan since 1979, it was felt necessary to have a transition period before a permanent government was established. A nationally-agreed-upon government would require at least one loya jirga to be convened; however, in the absence of law and order in the wake of the rapid victory of American and Afghan Northern Alliance forces, immediate steps were felt to be required.

Vladmir putin

Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (Russian: Влади́мир Влади́мирович Пу́тин, IPA: [vɫɐˈdʲimʲɪr vɫɐˈdʲimʲɪrəvʲɪtɕ ˈputʲɪn] ( listen); born 7 October 1952) served as the second President of the Russian Federation and is the current Prime Minister of Russia, as well as chairman of United Russia and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Union of Russia and Belarus. He became acting President on 31 December 1999, when president Boris Yeltsin resigned in a surprising move. Putin won the 2000 presidential election and in 2004 he was re-elected for a second term lasting until 7 May 2008.

Because of constitutionally mandated term limits, Putin was ineligible to run for a third consecutive presidential term. After the victory of his successor, Dmitry Medvedev, in the 2008 presidential elections, Putin was nominated by Medvedev to be Russia's Prime Minister; Putin took the post on 8 May 2008. In September 2011, Putin officially announced that he will seek a third non-consecutive term in the 2012 presidential elections.

Putin is credited with bringing political stability and re-establishing the rule of law in the country.^[2] He successfully restored the territorial integrity of Russia in the Second Chechen War. During Putin's presidency, Russia's economy bounced back from crisis, growing for nine straight years and seeing GDP increase by 72% in PPP (sixfold in nominal),^[3][4] poverty decrease by more than 50%,^[5][6][7] and average monthly salaries increase from $80 to $640.^[3][8][9] These achievements were ascribed to strong macroeconomic management, important fiscal policy reforms and a confluence of high oil prices, surging capital inflows and access to low-cost external financing,^[10] and were described as impressive by analysts.^[11][12]

During his presidency, Putin passed into law a series of fundamental reforms, including a flat income tax of 13%, a reduced profits tax, and new land and legal codes.^[11][13] He put much effort into development of the energy policy of Russia, affirming Russia's position as an energy superpower.^[14][15] This included the renaissance of the nuclear industry in the country and the initiation of construction of several major export pipelines, including ESPO and Nord Stream, among other megaprojects in Russia.

While many reforms and actions made during the Putin presidency have been criticized by Western observers and domestic opposition as un-democratic,^[16] Putin's leadership over the return of order, stability, and progress has won him widespread popularity in Russia.^[17] Putin often supports a tough guy image in the media, demonstrating his physical capabilities and taking part in unusual or dangerous acts, such as extreme sports and interaction with wild animals.^[18] A judoka and a Champion of Leningrad in his youth, Putin has played a major role in development of sport in Russia, notably, helping the city of Sochi to win the bid for the 2014 Winter Olympics.

FDI

FDI has been a Conterversial issue - read on this !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 

 

Foreign direct investment

Foreign direct investment (FDI) or foreign investment refers to the net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor.. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. It usually involves participation in management, joint-venture, transfer of technology and expertise. There are two types of FDI: inward foreign direct investment and outward foreign direct investment, resulting in a net FDI inflow (positive or negative) and "stock of foreign direct investment", which is the cumulative number for a given period. Direct investment excludes investment through purchase of shares.FDI is one example of international factor movement.

 

Types

A foreign direct investor may be classified in any sector of the economy and could be any one of the following:

• an individual;
• a group of related individuals;
• an incorporated or unincorporated entity;
• a public company or private company;
• a group of related enterprises;
• a government body;
• an estate (law), trust or other social institution; or
• any combination of the above.

 

 

Foreign direct investment in India

Starting from a baseline of less than USD 1 billion in 1990, a recent UNCTAD survey projected India as the second most important FDI destination (after China) for transnational corporations during 2010-2012. As per the data, the sectors which attracted higher inflows were services, telecommunication, construction activities and computer software and hardware. Mauritius, Singapore, the US and the UK were among the leading sources of FDI.
FDI in 2010 was $24.2 billion, a significant decrease from both 2008 and 2009. Foreign direct investment in August dipped by about 60 per cent to aprox. USD 34 billion, the lowest in 2010 fiscal, industry department data released showed. In the first two months of 2010-11 fiscal,FDI inflow into India was at an all-time high of $7.78 billion up 77% from $4.4 billion during the corresponding period in the previous year.
The world’s largest retailer WalMart has termed India’s decision to allow 51 per cent FDI in multi-brand retail as a “first important step” and said it will study the finer details of the new policy to determine the impact on its ability to do business in India.

Michael Chilufya Sata (born 1937 is a Zambian politician who has been the President of Zambia since 23 September 2011. He leads the Patriotic Front (PF), a major political party in Zambia. Under President Frederick Chiluba, Sata was a minister during the 1990s as part of the Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD) government; he went into opposition in 2001, forming the PF. As an opposition leader, Sata—popularly known as "King Cobra"—emerged as the leading opposition presidential contender and rival to President Levy Mwanawasa in the 2006 presidential election, but was defeated. Following Mwanawasa's death, Sata ran again and lost to President Rupiah Banda in 2008.

Suarez hanball Review

Suaraze's Handball

Luis Suárez (left)

In a quarter final match against Ghana, Uruguayan striker Luis Suárez handled the ball to prevent a last minute Ghana goal.Suárez was shown a red card and Ghana's Asamoah Gyan missed the resulting penalty spot kick. Ghana subsequently lost the match 4-2 in the penalty shootout.

The African press named Uruguay public enemy No.1 and described them as cheats. Suárez was unapologetic about his handball, stating "I made the best save of the tournament."Suárez boasted after the match of his handball save, claiming that "The 'Hand of God' now belongs to me," a reference to the handball goal scored by Diego Maradona in the 1986 World Cup. Ghana's coach Milovan Rajevac argued that Suárez's actions were "really shocking," describing the result as a "football injustice." Uruguay's coach defended Suárez: "Saying we cheated Ghana is too harsh a word to use...We also abide by what the referee did. It could have been a mistake. Yes, he stuck his hand out, but it's not cheating. What else do you want? Is Suárez also to blame for Ghana missing the penalty? We try to be dignified, and if we lose a match, we look for the reasons for it. You shouldn't look to third parties."FIFA reviewed the possibility of increasing Suárez's ban but decided against punishing him for 'unsportsmanlike conduct'. This opened up a discussion on gamesmanship, asking the question of whether players in that situation should be condemned as a cheat, or applauded for their resourcefulness. One pundit, Paul Fletcher of the BBC, implied that most players would do the same thing in the 'heat of the moment' in order to avoid defeat.Ghana's sports minister, Akua Sena Dansua, called for changes to the rules in such circumstances

The Fifa World chmapions Symbol is given to the team which won the QfWorld Cup lsat time. this is currently worn by Spain

The sultan of brunei

The sultan of Brunei, known for his extravagant cars, lives in the second largest palace, the Istana Nurul Iman, With 165 rolce ryces and many other cars. The Sultan is one of the most wealthiest persorns inthe world and was the richest persorn in 1997. he is also The wealthiest royal!

Champions league T20

We all know that Chennai won the 2o10 Champions league T20. But do you know that NEW SOUTH WALES BLUES won the champions league t20 of 2009? The y defeated Trinidad and Tobago in the final. NSWBlues participate in the KFC T20 Big Bash, and is also a first class team! Their team Has Australian International players such as Shane Watson, Micheal Clarke, Brad Haddin, Brett lee and Bollinger.

Panchatantra

The Five Principles Is the english Translation Of panchatantra. It is one of the most well known stories in th world. It has been translated into Diffrent laguages thus:

Arabic: Kalīlah wa Dimnah
Persian: Anvār-e Soheylī
And in Englishg as The Morall Philosophie of Doni In 1570. So the panchtanthra Has been translated into many, many other languages.

The New Duke Of Cambridge: Hear his other titles!

Before the wedding with Cathriene Kate Elizabeth, Prince william was given the title of His Royal Highness The Duke Of Cambridge. However, he also Got the titles of: Earl of Strathearn , Which Is a title of a provincial ruler In Scotland. the last persorn to have this title was Duke Of Connaught in 1942. The first person to have this title streched far back into 1115!!!

" Baron Carrickfergus " is the other title Given to the Prince By th Queen. Ver y good name don't you think!Well, Traditionally, when male members of the royal family marry, they are Given a Peerge title. Carrickfergus is a barony In ireland. Also Kate Mideltoon will be The Countess of Strathearn and Baroness Carrickfergus respectievly. You Dont ahve to call her all the names, "His Royal Highness" or Your Royal Highness" Will be Enough!

Two bodies: for one sport!

We all Know tha A particular sport has its Own govening body.....For example ICC Is the international cricket governig body. But Futsal HAs Two GOVERNING Bodies! the first one IS FIFA, The football govening body and The second one is AMF { Association Mundial De futsal translated to World Futsal Association.} Both Of them have diffrent tournments, And All nations send the same Team For both AMF and FIFA tournaments. while AMF Tournament was last held in 2007, The fifa tournament was held in 2008. So , It's rather complicated!
Any way, here is a note of Futsal:
Futsal is actually a variant of association football that is played on a smaller playing surface and mainly played indoors. Its name is derived from the Portuguese futebol de salão and the Spanish fútbol de salón (colloquially fútbol sala), which can be translated as "hall football" or "indoor football". During the sport's second world championships held in Madrid in 1985, the name fútbol de salón was used. Since then, all other names have been officially and internationally changed to futsal.

Futsal is played between two teams each with five players, one of whom is the goalkeeper. Unlimited substitutes per team are permitted. Unlike some other forms of indoor football, the game is played on a hard court surface delimited by lines; walls or boards are not used. Futsal is also played with a smaller ball with less bounce than a regular football. The rules create an emphasis on improvisation, creativity and technique as well as ball control and passing in small spaces.

A R2

Some info about R^2

Robonaut 2

In the current iteration of Robonaut, Robonaut 2 or R2, NASA and General Motors are working together with assistance from Oceaneering Space Systems engineers to accelerate development of the next generation of robots and related technologies for use in

the automotive and aerospace industries. Robonaut 2 (R2) is a state of the art highly dexterous anthropomorphic robot. Like its predecessor Robonaut 1 (R1), R2 is capable of handling a wide range of EVA tools and interfaces, but R2 is a significant advancement over its predecessor. R2 is capable of speeds more than four times faster than R1, is more compact, is more dexterous, and includes a deeper and wider range of sensing. Advanced technology spans the entire R2 system and includes: optimized overlapping dual arm dexterous workspace, series elastic joint technology, extended finger and thumb travel, miniaturized 6-axis load cells, redundant force sensing, ultra-high speed joint controllers, extreme neck travel, and high resolution camera and IR systems. The dexterity of R2 allows it to use the same tools that astronauts currently use and removes the need for specialized tools just for robots.

One advantage of a humanoid design is that Robonaut can take over simple, repetitive, or especially dangerous tasks on places such as the International Space Station. Because R2 is approaching human dexterity, tasks such as changing out an air filter can be performed without modifications to the existing design.

Another way this might be beneficial is during a robotic precursor mission. R2 would bring one set of tools for the precursor mission, such as setup and geologic investigation. Not only does this improve efficiency in the types of tools, but also removes the need for specialized robotic connectors. Future missions could then supply a new set of tools and use the existing tools already on location.

What is a robonaut?

Learn all about the robonaut inside the discovery shuttle

What is a Robonaut?

A Robonaut is a dexterous humanoid robot built and designed at NASA Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. Our challenge is to build machines that can help humans work and explore in space. Working side by side with humans, or going where the risks are too great for people, Robonauts will expand our ability for construction and discovery. Central to that effort is a capability we call dexterous manipulation, embodied by an ability to use one's hand to do work, and our challenge has been to build machines with dexterity that exceeds that of a suited astronaut.

There are currently four Robonauts, with others currently in development. This allows us to study various types of mobility, control methods, and task applications. The value of a humanoid over other

designs is the ability to use the same workspace and tools - not only does this improve efficiency in the types of tools, but also removes the need for specialized robotic connectors. Robonauts are essential to NASA's future as we go beyond low earth orbit and continue to explore the vast wonder that is space.

Robonaut 2 or R2, will launch to the International Space Station on space shuttle Discovery as part of the STS-133 mission, it will become the first dexterous humanoid robot in space, and the first US-built robot at the space station. But that will be just one small step for a robot and one giant leap for robot-kind.

Initially R2 will be deployed on a fixed pedestal inside the ISS. Next steps include a leg for climbing through the corridors of the Space Station, upgrades for R2 to go outside into the vacuum of space, and then future lower bodies like legs and wheels to propel the R2 across Lunar and Martian terrain. A four wheeled rover called Centaur 2 is being evaluated at the 2010 Desert Field Test in Arizona as an example of these future lower bodies for R2.

For Education focused information about Robonaut and robotics in general go to NASA Education Robotics page.

Coups!

This Is the list of successful Coups in the world

A-E

• Afghanistan in 1973 by Mohammed Daoud Khan against Mohammad Zahir Shah, King of Afghanistan
• Afghanistan in 1978 by Nur Muhammad Taraki against Mohammed Daoud Khan
• Afghanistan in 1979 by Hafizullah Amin against Nur Muhammad Taraki
• Afghanistan in 1979 by Babrak Karmal against Hafizullah Amin
• Algeria in 1965 by Houari Boumedienne against Ahmed Ben Bella
• Algeria in 1992 by Khaled Nezzar against Chadli Bendjedid
• Argentina on September 6, 1930 by José Félix Uriburu against Hipólito Yrigoyen
• Argentina in 1943 by Arturo Rawson against Ramón Castillo
• Argentina in 1955 by Eduardo Lonardi against Juan Perón
• Argentina in March 1962 against Arturo Frondizi
• Argentina in 1966 by Juan Carlos Onganía against Roberto M. Levingston
• Argentina in 1976 by Jorge Rafael Videla against Isabel Martínez de Perón
• Azerbaijan in 1993 by Heydar Aliyev against Abülfaz Elçibay
• Bangladesh on August 15, 1975 by army officers against Mujibur Rahman
• Bangladesh on March 24, 1982 by Hossain Mohammad Ershad against A. F. M. Ahsanuddin Chowdhury
• Bolivia in 1899 by José Manuel Pando against Severo Fernández Alonso
• Bolivia in 1920 by Bautista Saavedra Mallea against José Gutiérrez Guerra
• Bolivia in 1930 by Carlos Blanco Galindo against Hernando Siles Reyes
• Bolivia in 1934 by José Luis Tejada Sorzano against Daniel Salamanca Urey
• Bolivia in 1936 by David Toro Ruilova against José Luis Tejada Sorzano
• Bolivia in 1937 by Germán Busch Becerra against David Toro Ruilova
• Bolivia in 1943 by Gualberto Villarroel López against Enrique Peñaranda del Castillo
• Bolivia in 1946 by an angry mob, Néstor Guillén, and Tomás Monje against Gualberto Villarroel López
• Bolivia in 1951 by Hugo Ballivián Rojas against Mamerto Urriolagoitia with the support of Urriolagoitia
• Bolivia in 1952 by Víctor Paz Estenssoro and the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement against Hugo Ballivián Rojas
• Bolivia in 1964 by René Barrientos against Víctor Paz Estenssoro
• Bolivia in 1970 by Juan José Torres against Alfredo Ovando Candía
• Bolivia in 1971 by Hugo Banzer against Juan José Torres
• Bolivia in 1980 by Luis García Meza Tejada
• Brazil in 1889 by Deodoro da Fonseca against Emperor Dom Pedro II of Brazil.
• Brazil in 1964 by Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco against João Goulart
• Bulgaria in 1923 by the Army against Aleksandar Stamboliyski
• Bulgaria in 1934 by Kimon Georgiev against Zveno
• Bulgaria in 1944 by Kimon Georgiev against Konstantin Muraviev
• Burkina Faso in 1983 by Blaise Compaoré against Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo
• Burkina Faso in 1987 by Blaise Compaoré against Thomas Sankara
• Burma on March 1, 1962 by Ne Win against U Nu
• Burma on September 18, 1988 by Saw Maung against Maung Maung Kha
• Burundi in November 1966 by Michel Micombero against Ntare V of Burundi
• Burundi on July 25, 1996 by Pierre Buyoya
• Cambodia in 1970 by Lon Nol against King Norodom Sihanouk
• Cambodia in 1993 by King Norodom Sihanouk against Hun Sen
• Cambodia in 1997 by Hun Sen against Prince Norodom Ranariddh (Norodom Sihamoni became King in 2004)
• Central African Republic in 1966 by Jean-Bédel Bokassa against David Dacko^[26]
• Central African Empire in 1979 by David Dacko against Emperor Jean-Bédel Bokassa
  
• Central African Republic in 1981 by André Kolingba against David Dacko
• Central African Republic in 2003 by François Bozizé
• Chad in 1975 by Noël Milarew Odingar against François Tombalbaye
• Chile on January 23, 1925 by Carlos Ibáñez del Campo and Marmaduke Grove Vallejo against Luis Altamirano Talavera^[28]
• Chile on September 11, 1973 by Augusto Pinochet against Salvador Allende^[29]
• Ciskei in 1990 by Oupa Gqozo against Lennox Sebe^[30]
• Colombia in June 1953 by Gustavo Rojas Pinilla against Laureano Gómez^[31]
• Comoros in 1999 by Azali Assoumani against Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde^[32]
• Congo-Brazzaville (Republic of the Congo) in 1963 by Alphonse Massemba-Débat against Fulbert Youlou
• Congo-Brazzaville (Republic of the Congo) in 1968 by Marien Ngouabi (People's Republic of the Congo) against Alphonse Massemba-Débat^[33]
• Congo-Brazzaville (People's Republic of the Congo) in 1979 by Denis Sassou Nguesso (Republic of the Congo) against Joachim Yhombi-Opango.
• Congo-Léopoldville (Democratic Republic of the Congo) in 1960 by Mobutu (Zaire) against Patrice Lumumba
• Congo-Léopoldville (Zaire) in 1997 by Laurent-Désiré Kabila (Democratic Republic of the Congo) against Mobutu (Kabila was succeeded by his son, Joseph Kabila, in 2001 after a failed coups in which the elder Kabila was assassinated)
• Costa Rica in 1870 by Bruno Carranza Ramírez
• Costa Rica in 1876 by Vicente Herrera Zeledón
• Costa Rica in 1917 by Federico Tinoco Granados
• Côte d'Ivoire in 1999 by Robert Guéï
• Cuba in 1952 by Fulgencio Batista against Carlos Prío Socarrás
• Cuba in 1959 by Fidel Castro against General Fulgencio Batista
• Cyprus in 1974 by Nikos Sampson against Archbishop Makarios III
• Czechoslovakia in 1948 by the Communist Party against non-Communists
• Dahomey in 1963 by Christophe Soglo
• Dahomey in 1972 by Mathieu Kérékou
• Denmark in 1660 by Frederick III of Denmark
• Denmark in 1772 by Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel and her son Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Denmark and Norway.
• Denmark in 1784 by crownprince Frederick of Denmark.
• Dominican Republic in 1963 under Emilio de los Santos
• Ecuador in 1925 by Luis Telmo Paz y Miño
• Ecuador in 1935 by Federico Páez
• Ecuador in 1963 by Ramón Castro Jijón
• Ecuador in 1972 by Guillermo Rodríguez
• Ecuador in 2000 by Lucio Gutiérrez
• Egypt in 1952 by Gamal Abdel Nasser
• El Salvador in 1931 by Maximiliano Hernández Martínez
• El Salvador in 1948 by Manuel de Jesús Córdova
• El Salvador in 1960
• El Salvador in 1979
• Equatorial Guinea in 1979 by Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
• Estonia in 1934 by Konstantin Päts
• Ethiopia in 1974 by General Aman Andom and the Dergue against Emperor Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia
• Ethiopia in 1991 by General Tesfaye Gebre Kidan and the Dergue against General Mengistu Haile Mariam
• Ethiopia in 1991 by Birhanu Bayeh and the Dergue against General Tesfaye Gebre Kidan

F-J

• Fiji in 1987 by Sitiveni Rabuka
• Fiji in 2000 by George Speight
• Fiji in 2006 by Frank Bainimarama
• France in 1792 by the National Convention against King Louis XVI of France, the French Revolution
• France in 1799 by Napoleon Bonaparte (Napoleon I) and the French Consulate against the French Directory
• France in 1804 by Emperor Napoleon I against the French Consulate
• France in 1815 by Emperor Napoleon I against King Louis XVIII of France
• France in 1830 by Louis-Philippe of France against King Charles X of France
• France in 1848 by Louis-Eugène Cavaignac and Louis Napoleon (Napoleon III) against King Louis-Philippe of France
• France in 1851 by Emperor Napoleon III against Louis-Eugène Cavaignac
• France in 1870 by the French Third Republic against Emperor Napoleon III
• Gambia in 1994 under Yahya Jammeh
• Georgia from 1991 to 1992 by Eduard Shevardnadze against Zviad Gamsakhurdia
• Ghana in 1966 by Joseph Arthur Ankrah against Kwame Nkrumah
• Ghana in 1972 by Ignatius Kutu Acheampong against Kofi Abrefa Busia
• Ghana in 1978 by Fred Akuffo against Ignatius Kutu Acheampong
• Ghana in 1979 by Jerry John Rawlings for Hilla Limann against Fred Akuffo
• Ghana in 1981 by Jerry John Rawlings against Hilla Limann
• Greece in 1967 under Georgios Papadopoulos
• Grenada in 1979 by Maurice Bishop against Eric Gairy
• Grenada in 1983 by Bernard Coard against Maurice Bishop
• Guam in 1898 by José Sisto against Francisco Portusach Martínez
• Guam in 1898 by Venancio Roberto against José Sisto
• Guatemala in 1963 under Enrique Peralta Azurdia
• Guatemala in 1982 under Efraín Ríos Montt
• Guinea in 1984 under Lansana Conté
• Guinea in 2008 by the military after the death of Lansana Conté
• Guinea-Bissau in 1980 under João Bernardo Vieira
• Guinea-Bissau in 1999 under Ansumane Mané
• Guinea-Bissau in 2003 under Veríssimo Correia Seabra
• Haiti in 1946 by Dumarsais Estimé against Élie Lescot
• Haiti in 1950 by Paul Eugène Magloire against Dumarsais Estimé
• Haiti in 1986 by Henri Namphy against Jean-Claude Duvalier
• Haiti in 1988 by Prosper Avril against Henri Namphy
• Haiti on 30 September 1991 by Raoul Cédras against Jean-Bertrand Aristide
• Haiti in February 2004 against Jean-Bertrand Aristide who was replaced by Boniface Alexandre
• Honduras in 1956
• Honduras in 1963 under Oswaldo López Arellano
• Honduras in 1972 under Oswaldo López Arellano
• Honduras in 1975 under Juan Alberto Melgar Castro
• Honduras in 1978 under Policarpo Paz García
• Honduras in 2009 by the army led by General Romeo Vasquez Velasquez against Manuel Zelaya. Opinion is divided as to whether or not it was a coup.
• Kingdom of Hungary in 1944 under Ferenc Szálasi against Regent Miklós Horthy
• Hungary in 1944 under Béla Miklós against Ferenc Szálasi
• Indonesia in 1966 under Suharto
• Iran in 1921 by Reza Shah Pahlavi against Ahmad Shah Qajar
• Iran in 1953 by Mohammad Reza Pahlavi against Mohammed Mossadegh
• Iraq in 1958 by Muhammad Najib ar-Ruba'i and Abdul Karim Qassim against King Faisal II of Iraq
• Iraq in 1963 by Abdul Salam Arif against Abdul Karim Qassim
• Ireland in 1921 by Irish Republican Army against United Kingdom
• Iraq in 1968 by Ahmad Hassan al-Bakr against Abdul Rahman Arif
• Kingdom of Italy in 1922 by King Victor Emmanuel III and Benito Mussolini against Luigi Facta
• Kingdom of Italy in 1943 by King Victor Emmanuel III and General Pietro Badoglio against fascist dictator Benito Mussolini

K-P

• South Korea in 1961 under Park Chung Hee
• South Korea in 1979 under Chun Doo-hwan
• Kyrgyzstan in 2010 against Kurmanbek Bakiyev
• Laos in 1960 under Kong Le
• Latvia in 1934 under Kārlis Ulmanis
• Lesotho in 1986 by Justin Metsing Lekhanya against Leabua Jonathan
• Liberia in 1980 by Staff Sergeant Samuel K. Doe against President William R. Tolbert, Jr. and the Americo-Liberian elite
• Liberia in 1990 by rebel leader Prince Johnson against President Samuel K. Doe
• Libya in 1969 by Muammar al-Gaddafi against King Idris I of Libya
• Lithuania in 1926 under Antanas Smetona
• Madagascar in 1972 under Gabriel Ramanantsoa
• Madagascar in 2009 by Andry Rajoelina against Marc Ravalomanana
• Mali in 1968 under Moussa Traoré
• Mali in 1991 under Amadou Toumani Touré
• Mauritania in 1978 under Mustafa Ould Salek
• Mauritania in 2005 under Ely Ould Mohamed Vall
• Mauritania in 2008 under Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz
• Mexico in 1876 by Porfirio Díaz against Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada
• Mexico in 1911 by Francisco I. Madero against Porfirio Díaz (and Francisco León de la Barra)
• Mexico in 1913 by Victoriano Huerta (and Pedro Lascuráin) against Francisco I. Madero
• Mexico in 1915 by Venustiano Carranza and others against Victoriano Huerta
• Mexico in 1920 by Adolfo de la Huerta against Venustiano Carranza
• Muscat and Oman in 1970 under Qaboos bin Said
• Nicaragua in 1856 under William Walker
• Nicaragua in 1944 by Anastasio Somoza García for Benjamín Lacayo Sacasa against Leonardo Argüello Barreto
• Niger in 1974 by Seyni Kountché against Hamani Diori
• Niger in 1996 under Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara
• Niger in 2010 against Mamadou Tandja
• Nigeria in 1966 under Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu
• Nigeria in 1983 under Muhammadu Buhari
• Nigeria in 1985 under Ibrahim Babangida
• Panama in 1968 by Omar Torrijos against President Arnulfo Arias Madrid
• Pakistan in 1958 by Field Marshal Ayub Khan against Iskander Mirza
• Pakistan in 1977 by General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq against Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
• Pakistan in 1999 by General Pervez Musharraf against Nawaz Sharif
• Paraguay in 1989 under Andrés Rodríguez
• Peru in 1914 under Óscar Benavides
• Peru in 1919 under Augusto B. Leguía y Salcedo
• Peru in 1930 under Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro
• Peru in 1948 under Manuel A. Odría
• Peru in 1962 under Ricardo Pérez Godoy
• Peru in 1968 under Juan Velasco Alvarado
• Peru in 1992 under Alberto Fujimori (dissolved Parliament)
• Poland in 1926 under Józef Piłsudski
• Poland in 1981 under Wojciech Jaruzelski
• Portugal in 1926 under Gomes da Costa
• Portugal in 1974 under António de Spínola

Q-V

• Kingdom of Romania in 1938 by King Carol II of Romania against Corneliu Zelea Codreanu and the Iron Guard
• Kingdom of Romania in 1940 by Ion Antonescu against King Carol II of Romania
• Kingdom of Romania in 1944 by King Michael I of Romania and Constantin Sănătescu against Ion Antonescu
• Kingdom of Romania in 1947 by Petru Groza against King Michael I of Romania
• Principality of Romania in 1866 by the "Monstrous Coalition" of Liberals and Conservatives against prince Alexander John Cuza
• Romania in 1989 by the National Salvation Front against Nicolae Ceauşescu
• Russia in 1917 under the Russian Provisional Government against Tsar Nicholas II of Russia
• Rwanda in 1973 under Juvénal Habyarimana
• São Tomé and Príncipe in 1995 under Manuel Quintas de Almeida
• São Tomé and Príncipe in 2003 under Fernando Pereira
• Seychelles in 1977 by France-Albert René against James Mancham
• Seychelles "counter coups" in 1981 by France-Albert René against mercenary "Mad Mike" Hoare and 43 others
• Sierra Leone in 1967 under David Lansana
• Sierra Leone in 1967 under Andrew Juxon-Smith
• Sierra Leone in 1968 under John Amadu Bangura
• Sierra Leone in 1992 under Valentine Strasser
• Sierra Leone in 1996 under Julius Maada Bio
• Sierra Leone in 1997 under Johnny Paul Koroma
• Solomon Islands in 2000 by the Malaitan Eagle Force
• Somalia in 1969 by Muhammad Siad Barre
• Somalia in 1991 by Ali Mahdi Muhammad against Muhammad Siad Barre
• Spain in 1936 by Francisco Franco against Manuel Azaña
• Sudan in 1958 under Ibrahim Abboud
• Sudan in 1969 under Gaafar al-Nimeiry
• Sudan in 1985 under Abdel Rahman Swar al-Dahab
• Sudan in 1989 under Omar Hassan Ahmad al-Bashir
• Suriname on 25 February 1980 under Dési Bouterse ousting Prime Minister Henck Arron
• Suriname in 13 August 1980 under Dési Bouterse ousting President Johan Ferrier
• Suriname in 1990 under Dési Bouterse
• Sweden in 1772 by Gustav III of Sweden against the Privy Council of Sweden
• Sweden in 1809 by a number of army officers against king Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden
• Syria in 1966 by Salah Jadid against Amin Hafiz
• Syria in 1970 by Hafez al-Assad against Nureddin al-Atassi
• Thailand in 1932 by Field Marshal Phibunsongkhram, Dr. Pridi Phanomyong, Khuang Abhaiwongse, and Prayoon Phamornmontri (members of the People's Party, Khana Ratsadon) against King Prajadhipok (Rama VII)
• Thailand in 2006 by General Sonthi Boonyaratglin against Thaksin Shinawatra
• Togo in 1963 under Étienne Eyadéma
• Transkei in 1987 under Bantu Holomisa
• Tunisia in 1987 under Zine El Abidine Ben Ali
• Turkey in 1960 under the National Unity Committee headed by Cemal Gürsel
• Turkey in 1971 under four Force Commanders of the Turkish Armed Forces
• Turkey in 1980 under Kenan Evren
• Turkey in 1997 under Chief of the General Staff İsmail Hakkı Karadayı and a member of the Turkish General Staff Çevik Bir
• Uganda in 1966 by Milton Obote against King Mutesa II of Buganda
• Uganda in 1971 by Idi Amin against Milton Obote
• Upper Volta in 1966 under Sangoulé Lamizana
• Upper Volta in 1980 under Saye Zerbo
• Upper Volta in 1982 under Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo
• Upper Volta in 1983 under Thomas Sankara
• Uruguay in 1933 under Gabriel Terra
• Uruguay in 1973 by Juan María Bordaberry against his own government
• Venda in 1990 under Gabriel Ramushwana
• Venezuela in 1948 under Carlos Delgado Chalbaud
• South Vietnam in 1963 under Duong Van
  

W-Z

• Yemen in 1962 under Abdullah as-Sallal
• Yemen Arab Republic in 1974 under Ibrahim al-Hamadi
• Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1941 by King Peter II of Yugoslavia against Regent Prince Paul of Yugoslavia
• Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1945 by Josip Broz Tito against King Peter II of Yugoslavia
• Zanzibar in 1964 under John Okello