Unilever

Fact is Unilever Were founded by merging 2 companies, Lever Brothers and Marangrine Unie?

MICEX-RTS

MICEX - RTX has become the largest Stock exachange in the world after mereging MICEX, Officialy "Moscow Interbank Currency Exchange"

Type	Stock exchange
Location	Moscow, Russia
Founded	1992
Owner	MICEX Group
Key people	Ruben Aganbegyan (President)
Currency	Russian ruble
No. of listings	250
MarketCap	US$998.6 billion (Dec 2010)
Indexes	MICEX Index
Website	www.micex.com

MICEX opened in 1992 and was the leading Russian stock exchange. About 239 Russian companies were listed, with a market capitalization of US$950 billion as of December 2010.Even during the August Crisis Of Russia, it became one of the biggest trading platforms of Russia.

While The Russian Trading System, (RTS) is one of next biggest Stock exchanges in russia, Established in Moscow in 1995.

Type	Stock market
Location	Moscow, Russia
Founded	1995
Currency	Russian Ruble
Website	rts.ru

MICEX-RTS is the new name oof the New StockExchenge and tit is widley said that it was done to make Moscow one of The Biggest Financial Centers in the world.The Organisastional Structure Is still to be fully Implemented.

Read More Info From: WIKIPEDIA

Also Some Parts Are Sourced From WIKIPEDIA

Davis cup

This years davis cup was won by spain . some info about the Davis Cup:

"The Davis Cup is the premier international team event in men's tennis. It is run by the International Tennis Federation (ITF) and is contested between teams of players from competing countries in a knock-out format. The competition began in 1900 as a challenge between Britain and the United States. By 2007, 137 nations entered teams into the competition. The most successful countries over the history of the tournament are the United States (winning 32 tournaments and finishing as runners-up 29 times) and Australia (winning 28 times, including four occasions with New Zealand under the name 'Australasia', and finishing as runners-up 19 times). The present champion is Spain who beat Argentina to claim the titleThe tournament was conceived in 1899 by four members of the Harvard University tennis team who wished to challenge the British to a tennis competition. Once their respective lawn tennis associations agreed, one of the four Harvard players, Dwight F. Davis, designed a tournament format and ordered an appropriate sterling silver trophy from Shreve, Crump & Low, purchasing it from his own funds. They in turn commissioned a classically-styled design from William B. Durgin's of Concord, New Hampshire, crafted by the Englishman Rowland Rhodes. Davis went on to become a prominent politician in the United States in the 1920s, serving as US Secretary of War from 1925–29 and as Governor-General of the Philippines from 1929–32.he first match, between the United States and Britain (which competed under the name "British Isles"), was held at the Longwood Cricket Club in Boston, Massachusetts in 1900. The American team, of which Dwight Davis was a part, surprised the British by winning the first three matches. The following year the two countries did not compete but the US won the next match in 1902. By1905 the tournament expanded to include Belgium, Austria, France, and Australasia, a combined team from Australia and New Zealand that competed together until 1914.

The tournament was initially titled the International Lawn Tennis Challenge although it soon became known as the Davis Cup, after Dwight Davis' trophy.

From 1950 to 1967, Australia dominated the competition, winning the Cup 15 times in 18 years.

The United States has won the event the most times (32), closely followed by Australia (28 [including 4 as Australasia]), Great Britain (9 [including 5 as the British Isles]), France (9) and Sweden (7).

Up until 1973, the Davis Cup had only ever been won by the United States, Great Britain/British Isles, France and Australia/Australasia. Their domination was eventually broken in 1974, when South Africa and India qualified for the final; however, the final was scratched and South Africa was awarded the Davis Cup after India refused to travel to South Africa for the final in protest of the South African government's apartheid policies. (As of 2010, South Africa has never actually played in a Davis Cup finals match.) The following year saw the first final between two "outsider" nations that was actually played; Sweden beatCzechoslovakia 3–2, and since then, several other countries have gone on to capture the trophy.

In 1989, the tiebreak was also introduced into Davis Cup competition. The tiebreak is now used in all sets except for 5th set, which remains an advantage set.

On the 100th anniversary of the tournament's founding, 129 nations competed for the Davis Cup.
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A second Bonn conference!

read about the second bonn confrenece.

Officially the Agreement on Provisional Arrangements in Afghanistan Pending the Re-Establishment of Permanent Government Institutions, the Bonn Agreement was the initial series of agreements intended to re-create the State of Afghanistan following the "War in Afghanistan (2001–present)" U.S. invasion of Afghanistan in response to the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. Since no nationally-agreed-upon government had existed in Afghanistan since 1979, it was felt necessary to have a transition period before a permanent government was established. A nationally-agreed-upon government would require at least one loya jirga to be convened; however, in the absence of law and order in the wake of the rapid victory of American and Afghan Northern Alliance forces, immediate steps were felt to be required.

Vladmir putin

Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (Russian: Влади́мир Влади́мирович Пу́тин, IPA: [vɫɐˈdʲimʲɪr vɫɐˈdʲimʲɪrəvʲɪtɕ ˈputʲɪn] ( listen); born 7 October 1952) served as the second President of the Russian Federation and is the current Prime Minister of Russia, as well as chairman of United Russia and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Union of Russia and Belarus. He became acting President on 31 December 1999, when president Boris Yeltsin resigned in a surprising move. Putin won the 2000 presidential election and in 2004 he was re-elected for a second term lasting until 7 May 2008.

Because of constitutionally mandated term limits, Putin was ineligible to run for a third consecutive presidential term. After the victory of his successor, Dmitry Medvedev, in the 2008 presidential elections, Putin was nominated by Medvedev to be Russia's Prime Minister; Putin took the post on 8 May 2008. In September 2011, Putin officially announced that he will seek a third non-consecutive term in the 2012 presidential elections.

Putin is credited with bringing political stability and re-establishing the rule of law in the country.^[2] He successfully restored the territorial integrity of Russia in the Second Chechen War. During Putin's presidency, Russia's economy bounced back from crisis, growing for nine straight years and seeing GDP increase by 72% in PPP (sixfold in nominal),^[3][4] poverty decrease by more than 50%,^[5][6][7] and average monthly salaries increase from $80 to $640.^[3][8][9] These achievements were ascribed to strong macroeconomic management, important fiscal policy reforms and a confluence of high oil prices, surging capital inflows and access to low-cost external financing,^[10] and were described as impressive by analysts.^[11][12]

During his presidency, Putin passed into law a series of fundamental reforms, including a flat income tax of 13%, a reduced profits tax, and new land and legal codes.^[11][13] He put much effort into development of the energy policy of Russia, affirming Russia's position as an energy superpower.^[14][15] This included the renaissance of the nuclear industry in the country and the initiation of construction of several major export pipelines, including ESPO and Nord Stream, among other megaprojects in Russia.

While many reforms and actions made during the Putin presidency have been criticized by Western observers and domestic opposition as un-democratic,^[16] Putin's leadership over the return of order, stability, and progress has won him widespread popularity in Russia.^[17] Putin often supports a tough guy image in the media, demonstrating his physical capabilities and taking part in unusual or dangerous acts, such as extreme sports and interaction with wild animals.^[18] A judoka and a Champion of Leningrad in his youth, Putin has played a major role in development of sport in Russia, notably, helping the city of Sochi to win the bid for the 2014 Winter Olympics.

FDI

FDI has been a Conterversial issue - read on this !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 

 

Foreign direct investment

Foreign direct investment (FDI) or foreign investment refers to the net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor.. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. It usually involves participation in management, joint-venture, transfer of technology and expertise. There are two types of FDI: inward foreign direct investment and outward foreign direct investment, resulting in a net FDI inflow (positive or negative) and "stock of foreign direct investment", which is the cumulative number for a given period. Direct investment excludes investment through purchase of shares.FDI is one example of international factor movement.

 

Types

A foreign direct investor may be classified in any sector of the economy and could be any one of the following:

• an individual;
• a group of related individuals;
• an incorporated or unincorporated entity;
• a public company or private company;
• a group of related enterprises;
• a government body;
• an estate (law), trust or other social institution; or
• any combination of the above.

 

 

Foreign direct investment in India

Starting from a baseline of less than USD 1 billion in 1990, a recent UNCTAD survey projected India as the second most important FDI destination (after China) for transnational corporations during 2010-2012. As per the data, the sectors which attracted higher inflows were services, telecommunication, construction activities and computer software and hardware. Mauritius, Singapore, the US and the UK were among the leading sources of FDI.
FDI in 2010 was $24.2 billion, a significant decrease from both 2008 and 2009. Foreign direct investment in August dipped by about 60 per cent to aprox. USD 34 billion, the lowest in 2010 fiscal, industry department data released showed. In the first two months of 2010-11 fiscal,FDI inflow into India was at an all-time high of $7.78 billion up 77% from $4.4 billion during the corresponding period in the previous year.
The world’s largest retailer WalMart has termed India’s decision to allow 51 per cent FDI in multi-brand retail as a “first important step” and said it will study the finer details of the new policy to determine the impact on its ability to do business in India.

Michael Chilufya Sata (born 1937 is a Zambian politician who has been the President of Zambia since 23 September 2011. He leads the Patriotic Front (PF), a major political party in Zambia. Under President Frederick Chiluba, Sata was a minister during the 1990s as part of the Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD) government; he went into opposition in 2001, forming the PF. As an opposition leader, Sata—popularly known as "King Cobra"—emerged as the leading opposition presidential contender and rival to President Levy Mwanawasa in the 2006 presidential election, but was defeated. Following Mwanawasa's death, Sata ran again and lost to President Rupiah Banda in 2008.